Subtractive Synthesis in Serum: an In-depth Tutorial

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Subtractive synthesis is a powerful sound design technique that involves filtering out certain frequencies from a rich sound source to create new and unique sounds. In this tutorial, we will explore how to use subtractive synthesis in Serum, a popular wavetable synthesizer known for its versatility and high-quality sound. By the end of this guide, you will have a solid understanding of how to create your own sounds using this method.

Understanding Subtractive Synthesis

Subtractive synthesis works by starting with a harmonically rich waveform and then using filters to remove unwanted frequencies. This technique allows sound designers to shape their sounds in a way that emphasizes certain characteristics while diminishing others.

Key Components of Subtractive Synthesis

  • Oscillators: The sound source that generates waveforms.
  • Filters: Used to remove specific frequencies from the sound.
  • Envelopes: Shape the dynamics of the sound over time.
  • LFOs: Modulate parameters for added movement and interest.

Getting Started with Serum

To begin using subtractive synthesis in Serum, first, ensure that you have the software installed on your computer. Once you have Serum open, follow these steps:

  • Open a new instance of Serum in your DAW.
  • Select a wavetable from the oscillator section.
  • Adjust the oscillator settings to create a rich sound.

Creating Your First Sound

Now that you have your oscillator set up, it’s time to create your first sound using subtractive synthesis techniques.

Step 1: Choose a Wavetable

In Serum, you can choose from a variety of wavetables. For this example, let’s select a classic saw wave. This waveform is rich in harmonics and provides a solid foundation for subtractive synthesis.

Step 2: Adjust the Oscillator Settings

Modify the parameters of the oscillator to achieve the desired sound. You can adjust the unison voices, detune, and level to create a thicker sound. Experiment with these settings to find a sound that resonates with you.

Step 3: Apply Filtering

Next, navigate to the filter section of Serum. Select a low-pass filter to start. This filter will allow you to remove higher frequencies, shaping your sound. Adjust the cutoff frequency to determine how much of the sound is filtered out.

Step 4: Shape the Sound with Envelopes

Utilize the envelope settings to control the attack, decay, sustain, and release (ADSR) of your sound. A slow attack can create a smooth fade-in, while a quick attack can produce a punchier sound. Adjust these settings to achieve the desired dynamics.

Step 5: Modulate with LFOs

To add movement to your sound, use an LFO to modulate parameters such as the filter cutoff or oscillator pitch. Set the LFO to a suitable rate and shape, and assign it to the desired parameter for dynamic modulation.

Advanced Techniques in Subtractive Synthesis

Once you are comfortable with the basics, you can explore advanced techniques to further enhance your sound design capabilities.

Using Multiple Filters

Serum allows for the use of multiple filters. Experiment with different filter types, such as high-pass and band-pass, in conjunction with the low-pass filter to create complex sounds. Adjust the routing to determine how the filters interact with each other.

Layering Sounds

Layering multiple instances of Serum can create rich and complex sounds. Use different wavetables and filter settings on each layer to achieve a full-bodied sound. Make sure to balance the levels of each layer for a cohesive mix.

Experimenting with FX

Adding effects such as reverb, delay, and distortion can significantly enhance your sound design. Serum has built-in effects that can be used to add depth and character to your sounds. Experiment with different effect settings to find the perfect combination.

Practical Applications of Subtractive Synthesis

Subtractive synthesis can be applied in various musical genres and sound design scenarios. Here are some practical applications:

  • Electronic Music: Create bass lines, leads, and pads.
  • Film Scoring: Design atmospheric sounds and soundscapes.
  • Sound Design: Generate unique sound effects for games and media.

Conclusion

Subtractive synthesis in Serum offers endless possibilities for sound design. By understanding the fundamental components and experimenting with various techniques, you can create unique and captivating sounds. Remember to explore and push the boundaries of your creativity as you delve into the world of subtractive synthesis.